Handwriting of the 19th century

 As I was in Barcelona in February 2024, completely by chance I saw an exhibition of handwritten musical scores in Palau de la Musica Catalana. I can't even read a music score, but I took a few pictures anyway because there were some titles etc. in normal writing. Some of them are dated.

All this is written in a normal writing style of the time. Very likely a pen with a metal nib was used, a very pointed nib, which would produce a very thin line , but it could also produce a slightly thicker line when pressed. Only the lines going down or from left to right cold be made thicker, if the nib was going up, the line had to be very thin. 

This was actually the way I still remember being taught. Only the earliest lessons, soon the ball pointed pens took over. But still it makes me see how a script like this was written. 

I guess it was just a fleeting exhibition, but anyway, it was there. 

Rabat

 The country called Morocco today was in the Roman times a province of the empire called Mauretania. Roman remains are therefore no surprise there. Some can be seen in the capital Rabat, in the part of the town called Chellah. There are Roman ruins there, including some stelae with Roman inscriptions on them. Some inscriptions are in the elegant capitalis quadrata, some in what I called capitalis rectangularis and some even in rustica. Anyway they are clearly Roman inscriptions, written in Latin.

Some of those inscriptions are written in what we call "rustica", which was used as a bookhand at the time. It required less turning of the hand to write serifs, consequently it was easier to write books, but as a result horizontal serifs tended to be thicker that vertical lines. It gave a kind of rhythm to a page.